Organized labor has had a place on Duke’s campus since the late 1960s, as staff and students campaigned for improved working conditions and wages. Among the unions that represent Duke staff are the American Federation of State, Council, and Municipal Employees Local 77 in the 1960s, the International Union of Operating Engineers Local 465 in the 1970s, and the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1328 organized in the 1990s. Other unions have been established relatively recently, such as one for Duke University Press staff, another for non-regular rank faculty, and one for graduate students. As of August 2023, graduate students overwhelmingly voted in favor of unionization, following students and workers from Duke’s past.