Browse Items · Duke University Library Exhibits

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“Picquart élargi. D’après un dessin d’un jeune dreyfusard,” (Picquart Aggrandized. After a drawing by a young dreyfusard)

Caran d’Ache belittles the Dreyfusard campaign by depicting Picquart’s supporters as largely female, tumbling over themselves to offer him flowers. In the foreground, Madame Gustave Kahn, a Catholic poet who converted to Judaism, is caught in an act of unchecked violence as she strangles a Jesuit.

Like Caran d’Ache’s Journaleux caricature, this satire is another attempt to ridicule Dreyfus’ supporters. Caran d’Ache imitates the naïve style of children’s drawings, representing Colonel Picquart with a halo and angel’s wings upon his exit from the Cherche-Midi military prison in Paris. Picquart, who became a popular hero in Dreyfusard journalism, had been accumulating evidence against Major Esterhazy since Dreyfus’s sentence in 1894.This culminated between 1896 and 1898, when Esterhazy was accused of penning the bordereau that led to Dreyfus’s conviction and exile. Esterhazy was acquitted, after which Picquart himself was put on trial for forgery, as the French military scrambled to reestablish its reputation.

“Prescription for Currents of Electro-Magnetism to lower limbs,” 1874, Walt Whitman Papers, Volume 122.

“Q & R” in untitled alphabet calendar

“Republican Majority for Choice,” n.d. United States Political Ephemera Collection, box 4, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

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“Savonnage Infructueux,” (Fruitless Soaping)

In this image, the “traitor” Dreyfus is beyond recognition, his features distorted by the conventions of anti-Semitic caricature. He receives the monetary ablutions of another stereotyped Jew who bears a large masonic pendant. The paranoid casting of the Jewish people as part of a complex “Masonic” plot was common amongst anti-Semites, and Masonic iconography in an image like this would have signaled a conspiratorial agenda of Jews, Masons, socialists and rootless finance capitalists seeking to destroy France. Chanteclair combines these three types in the figure on our right, who is engaged in a fruitless attempt to launder the guilt of his comrade. “Only blood can clean a stain like this,” the caption warns, as a shadowy group of armed men, readying their guns, forms in the background. Only weeks after Dreyfus had been accused in the pages of La Libre Parole, Chanteclair’s cartoon is intended as a warning for those seeking to expunge the captain of his guilt.

“Scientist of Activism,” Voices, p. 16

“Scientist of Activism,” Voices, p. 17

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“Si vous continuez, je vous mets tous à la porte,” (If you continue, I’m throwing you all out)

This satire depicts the allegorical embodiment of France as a school teacher, whip in hand, admonishing her unruly class. Her mischievous students, who launch their inkpots and paper up in the air, threaten to clobber each other with books, and throw each other to the ground, represent those involved in the heated polemics that followed Dreyfus’ 1894 sentence. In the foreground, for example, Edouard Drumont throws himself into the fray, followed by Paul Déroulède, leader of the pro-military Ligue des Patriotes (pictured in the Musée des patriotes).

Though, between 1896 and 1898, Dreyfus was exiled to Devil’s Island, many other trials took place during his absence, including those of Esterhazy, Picquart, and Zola. Le Petit Journal, whose rich imagery rarely lapses into satire, here takes up its caricatural pen to criticize divisions in French public life exacerbated by the Dreyfus Affair.

“Some Heuristics Reading Nineteenth-Century Fiction” Class Handout

“Soy libre para decidir,” n.d. and “Protect Reproductive Rights. Every Woman Counts,” n.d. Maria de Bruyn papers, box 21, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

“Start Your Day: Post cereal jingle"

“Start Your Day”

“Suggestions for Poems,” undated, Walt Whitman Papers, Volume 33.

He discusses his intention to write a poem that described all the particulars of a “first rate healthy human body.” He was very interested in what made a body healthy and in how to stay in good health,

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“The Black Demands; as of Thursday Morning, 9am, from Allen Building.”

Written by the students inside the Allen Building, the Black Demands address the numerous issues Black students had been “negotiating with Duke administration and faculty … for 2-2 ½ years” with no meaningful results, having “exhausted the so-called ‘proper’ channels.” Notable demands that have since been met include the establishment of an African American Studies department and admissions based on high school merit. An example of a demand not yet met is increasing the percentage of Black students at Duke to match the percentage of Black citizens in Durham.